The article is devoted to the analysis of production volumes and efficiency of sunflower cultivation in Ukraine. It is shown that sunflower occupies more than 70% of the total acreage under oil crops. Attention is focused on the fact that the dominance of sunflowers in the structure of the production of oil crops provides this crop with a special role in the agricultural market of Ukraine. The dynamics of sown areas gross harvests and the level of productivity of sunflowers in Ukraine for the period 2018–2020 were analyzed. The effectiveness of sunflower production was studied in terms of forms of management of agrarian formations and by the amount of land in use. It has been established that the most effective cultivation of sunflowers is carried out by agricultural enterprises with a land area of more than 2 thousand hectares. Cost calculations and their structure for growing 1 ha of marketable sunflower in 2021 are presented. The volumes and structure of the directions of consumption of marketable sunflower seeds in Ukraine are shown. Practical recommendations for improving the process of sunflower production are proposed taking into account the balance of supply and demand for marketable products.